September 9 is the 252nd day of the year (253rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 113 days remaining until the end of the year.

Events[edit]

• 9 – Arminius' alliance of six Germanic tribes ambushes and annihilates three Roman legions of Publius Quinctilius Varus in theBattle of the Teutoburg Forest.
• 337 – Constantine II, Constantius II, and Constans succeed their father Constantine I as co-emperors. The Roman Empire is divided between the three Augusti.
• 533 – A Byzantine army of 15,000 men under Belisarius lands at Caput Vada (modern Tunisia) and marches to Carthage.
• 1000 – Battle of Svolder, Viking Age.
• 1087 – William Rufus becomes King of England, taking the title William II, (reigned until 1100).
• 1141 – Yelü Dashi, the Liao dynasty general who founded the Qara-Khitai, defeats the Seljuq and Kara-Khanid forces at theBattle of Qatwan.
• 1379 – Treaty of Neuberg, splitting the Austrian Habsburg lands between the Habsburg dukes Albert III and Leopold III.
• 1493 – Battle of Krbava Field, a decisive defeat of Croats in Croatian struggle against the invasion by the Ottoman Empire.
• 1513 – James IV of Scotland is defeated and dies in the Battle of Flodden, ending Scotland's involvement in the War of the League of Cambrai.
• 1543 – Mary Stuart, at nine months old, is crowned "Queen of Scots" in the central Scottish town of Stirling.
• 1561 – The ultimately unsuccessful Colloquy at Poissy opens in an effort to reconcile French Catholics and Protestants.
• 1739 – Stono Rebellion, the largest slave uprising in Britain's mainland North American colonies prior to the American Revolution, erupts near Charleston, South Carolina.
• 1776 – The Continental Congress officially names its new union of sovereign states the United States.
• 1791 – Washington, D.C., the capital of the United States, is named after President George Washington.
• 1801 – Alexander I of Russia confirms the privileges of Baltic provinces.
• 1839 – John Herschel takes the first glass plate photograph.
• 1850 – California is admitted as the thirty-first U.S. state.
• 1850 – The Compromise of 1850 transfers a third of Texas's claimed territory (now parts of Colorado, Kansas, New Mexico, Oklahoma, and Wyoming) to federal control in return for the U.S. federal government assuming $10 million of Texas's pre-annexation debt.
• 1855 – Crimean War: The Siege of Sevastopol comes to an end when Russian forces abandon the city.
• 1863 – American Civil War: The Union Army enters Chattanooga, Tennessee.
• 1886 – The Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works is finalized.
• 1914 – World War I: The creation of the Canadian Automobile Machine Gun Brigade, the first fully mechanized unit in the British Army.
• 1922 – The Greco-Turkish War (1919–22) effectively ends with Turkish victory over the Greeks in Smyrna.
• 1923 – Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, the founder of the Republic of Turkey, founds the Republican People's Party.
• 1924 – Hanapepe massacre occurs on Kauai, Hawaii.
• 1926 – In the United States the National Broadcasting Company is formed.
• 1939 – World War II: The Battle of Hel begins, the longest-defended pocket of Polish Army resistance during the German invasion of Poland.
• 1939 – Burmese national hero U Ottama dies in prison after a hunger strike to protest Britain's colonial government.
• 1940 – George Stibitz pioneers the first remote operation of a computer.
• 1940 – Treznea massacre: The Hungarian Army, supported by local Hungarians kill 93 Romanian civilians in Treznea, a village in Northern Transylvania, as part of attempts to ethnic cleansing.
• 1942 – World War II: A Japanese floatplane drops incendiary bombs on Oregon.
• 1943 – World War II: The Allies land at Salerno and Taranto, Italy.
• 1944 – World War II: The Fatherland Front takes power in Bulgaria through a military coup in the capital and armed rebellion in the country. A new pro-Sovietgovernment is established.
• 1945 – Second Sino-Japanese War: The Empire of Japan formally surrenders to China.
• 1947 – First case of a computer bug being found: a moth lodges in a relay of a Harvard Mark II computer at Harvard University.
• 1948 – Kim Il-sung declares the establishment of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea.
• 1956 – Elvis Presley appears on The Ed Sullivan Show for the first time.
• 1965 – The United States Department of Housing and Urban Development is established.
• 1965 – Hurricane Betsy makes its second landfall near New Orleans, leaving 76 dead and $1.42 billion ($10–12 billion in 2005 dollars) in damages, becoming the first hurricane to top $1 billion in unadjusted damages.
• 1966 – The National Traffic and Motor Vehicle Safety Act is signed into law by U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson.
• 1969 – Allegheny Airlines Flight 853 DC-9 collides in flight with a Piper PA-28 and crashes near Fairland, Indiana.
• 1969 – In Canada, the Official Languages Act comes into force, making the French language equal to the English language throughout the Federal government.
• 1970 – A British airliner is hijacked by the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine and flown to Dawson's Field in Jordan.
• 1971 – The four-day Attica Prison riot begins, which eventually results in 39 dead, most killed by state troopers retaking the prison.
• 1972 – In Kentucky's Mammoth Cave National Park, a Cave Research Foundation exploration and mapping team discovers a link between the Mammoth and Flint Ridge cave systems, making it the longest known cave passageway in the world.
• 1990 – 1990 Batticaloa massacre, massacre of 184 minority Tamil civilians by Sri Lankan Army in the eastern Batticaloa District of Sri Lanka.
• 1991 – Tajikistan declares independence from the Soviet Union.
• 1993 – The Palestine Liberation Organization officially recognizes Israel as a legitimate state.
• 1999 - Sega releases the first 128 bit video game console the Dreamcast.
• 2001 – Ahmad Shah Massoud, leader of the Northern Alliance, is assassinated in Afghanistan by two al-Qaeda assassins who claimed to be Arab journalists wanting an interview.
• 2001 – Pärnu methanol tragedy occurs in Pärnu County, Estonia.
• 2001 – At exactly 01:46:40 UTC, the Unix billenium is reached, marking the beginning of the use of 10-digit decimal Unix timestamps.
• 2009 – At exactly 9:09:09 PM, the Dubai Metro, the first urban train network in the Arabian Peninsula, is ceremonially inaugurated.

September 8 is the 251st day of the year (252nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 114 days remaining until the end of the year.

• 70 – Roman forces under Titus sack Jerusalem.
• 617 – Battle of Huoyi: Li Yuan defeats a Sui Dynasty army, opening the path to his capture of the imperial capital Chang'an and the eventual establishment of the Tang Dynasty.
• 1264 – The Statute of Kalisz, guaranteeing Jews safety and personal liberties and giving battei din jurisdiction over Jewish matters, is promulgated by Boleslaus the Pious, Duke of Greater Poland.
• 1331 – Stephen Uroš IV Dušan declares himself king of Serbia
• 1380 – Battle of Kulikovo – Russian forces defeat a mixed army of Tatars and Mongols, stopping their advance.
• 1504 – Michelangelo's David is unveiled in Florence.
• 1514 – Battle of Orsha – in one of the biggest battles of the century, Lithuanians and Poles defeat the Russian army.
• 1551 – The foundation day in Vitória, Brazil
• 1565 – The Knights of Malta lift the Turkish siege of Malta that began on May 18.
• 1655 – Warsaw falls without resistance to a small force under the command of Charles X Gustav of Sweden during The Deluge, making it the first time the city is captured by a foreign army.
• 1727 – A barn fire during a puppet show in the village of Burwell in Cambridgeshire, England kills 78 people, many of whom are children.
• 1755 – French and Indian War: Battle of Lake George.
• 1756 – French and Indian War: Kittanning Expedition.
• 1761 – Marriage of King George III of the United Kingdom to Duchess Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz.
• 1781 – American Revolutionary War: The Battle of Eutaw Springs in South Carolina, the war's last significant battle in the Southern theater, ends in a narrow British tactical victory.
• 1793 – French Revolutionary Wars: Battle of Hondschoote.
• 1796 – French Revolutionary Wars: Battle of Bassano – French forces defeat Austrian troops at Bassano del Grappa.
• 1810 – The Tonquin sets sail from New York Harbor with 33 employees of John Jacob Astor's newly created Pacific Fur Company on board. After a six-month journey around the tip of South America, the ship arrives at the mouth of the Columbia River and Astor's men establish the fur-trading town of Astoria, Oregon.
• 1831 – William IV and Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen are crowned King and Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.
• 1860 – The steamship Lady Elgin sinks on Lake Michigan, with the loss of around 300 lives.
• 1863 – American Civil War: Second Battle of Sabine Pass – on the Texas-Louisiana border at the mouth of the Sabine River, a small Confederate force thwarts aUnion invasion of Texas.
• 1883 – The Northern Pacific Railway (reporting mark NP) was completed in a ceremony at Gold Creek, Montana. Former president Ulysses S. Grant drove in the final "golden spike" in an event attended by rail and political luminaries.
• 1888 – In Spain, the first travel of Isaac Peral's submarine, was the first practical submarine ever made.
• 1888 – In London, the body of Jack the Ripper's second murder victim, Annie Chapman, is found.
• 1888 – In England the first six Football League matches are played.
• 1892 – The Pledge of Allegiance is first recited.
• 1900 – Galveston Hurricane of 1900: a powerful hurricane hits Galveston, Texas killing about 8,000 people.
• 1914 – World War I: Private Thomas Highgate becomes the first British soldier to be executed for desertion during the war.
• 1921 – 16-year-old Margaret Gorman wins the Atlantic City Pageant's Golden Mermaid trophy; pageant officials later dubbed her the first Miss America.
• 1923 – Honda Point Disaster: nine US Navy destroyers run aground off the California coast. Seven are lost, and twenty-three sailors killed.
• 1926 – Germany is admitted to the League of Nations.
• 1930 – 3M begins marketing Scotch transparent tape.
• 1934 – Off the New Jersey coast, a fire aboard the passenger liner SS Morro Castle kills 135 people.
• 1935 – US Senator from Louisiana, Huey Long, nicknamed "Kingfish", is fatally shot in the Louisiana State Capitol building.
• 1941 – World War II: Siege of Leningrad begins. German forces begin a siege against the Soviet Union's second-largest city, Leningrad.
• 1943 – World War II: The O.B.S. (German General Headquarters for the Mediterranean zone) in Frascati is bombed by USAAF.
• 1943 – World War II: United States General Dwight D. Eisenhower publicly announces the Allied armistice with Italy.
• 1944 – World War II: London is hit by a V-2 rocket for the first time.
• 1944 – World War II: Menton is liberated from Germany.
• 1945 – Cold War: United States troops arrive to partition the southern part of Korea in response to Soviet troops occupying the northern part of the peninsula a month earlier.
• 1951 – Treaty of San Francisco: In San Francisco, California, 48 nations sign a peace treaty with Japan in formal recognition of the end of the Pacific War.
• 1954 – The Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO) is established.
• 1959 – The Asian Institute of Technology (AIT) is established.
• 1960 – In Huntsville, Alabama, US President Dwight D. Eisenhower formally dedicates the Marshall Space Flight Center (NASA had already activated the facility on July 1).
• 1962 – Newly independent Algeria, by referendum, adopts a constitution.
• 1962 – Last run of the famous Pines Express over the Somerset and Dorset Railway line (UK) fittingly using the last steam locomotive built by British Railways, 9F locomotive 92220 Evening Star.
• 1965 – Pakistan Navy raids Indian coasts without any resistance in Operation Dwarka, Pakistan celebrates Victory Day annually.
• 1966 – The Severn Bridge is officially opened by Queen Elizabeth II.
• 1966 – The first Star Trek series premieres on NBC.
• 1967 – The formal end of steam traction in the North East of England by British Railways.
• 1971 – In Washington, D.C., the John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts is inaugurated, with the opening feature being the premiere of Leonard Bernstein's Mass.
• 1974 – Watergate Scandal: US President Gerald Ford pardons former President Richard Nixon for any crimes Nixon may have committed while in office.
• 1975 – Gays in the military: US Air Force Tech Sergeant Leonard Matlovich, a decorated veteran of the Vietnam War, appears in his Air Force uniform on the cover of Time magazine with the headline "I Am A Homosexual". He is given a general discharge, which was later upgraded to honorable.
• 1988 – Yellowstone National Park is closed for the first time in U.S. history due to ongoing fires.
• 1989 – Partnair Flight 394 drove into the North Sea, killing 55 people. The investigation showed that the tail of the plane vibrated loose in flight due to sub-standard connecting bolts that had been fraudulently sold as aircraft-grade.
• 1991 – The Republic of Macedonia becomes independent.
• 1994 – USAir Flight 427, on approach to Pittsburgh International Airport, suddenly crashes in clear weather killing all 132 aboard; resulting in the most extensive aviation investigation in world history and altering manufacturing practices in the industry.
• 2004 – NASA's unmanned spacecraft Genesis crash-lands when its parachute fails to open.
• 2005 – Two EMERCOM Il-76 aircraft land at a disaster aid staging area at Little Rock Air Force Base; the first time Russia has flown such a mission to North America.
• 2013 – 11 people are killed in a train collision in Iași County, Romania.

What is the meaning of monday blues.........? 

Let’s break the idiom into its main meaning components: 
Monday + Blue: 

Monday is the first day of the week for Christians; 
Functionally, however, it has turned to be the first working day for many people of different religions if they are employees in non-Muslim coutries (unfortunately!) 

Let us look at some connotations of Monday: 


1. Monday morning feeling: the way people feel after the weekend (= Saturday and Sunday) when they do not want to go to work or school: I've got that Monday morning feeling. 

2. Monday-morning quarterback: someone who says how an event or problem should have been dealt with by others after it has already been dealt with. 

3. Don't you hate going back to school on Mondays? 

4. The theopry was that by Monday their tempers would have cooled. 

5. I mean, like when you were a kid, when you knew that Mondeay was coming, and the clock was ticking away!


6. ... on a mundane Monday, they are failing in their duty. 



Blue was first use only as a color in English, and people started to associate it with many different emotions, meanings, memories, attitudes, etc. 
If you study the English texts, however, you will find most of the cases to be negatively-oriented:

1. Her hands were blue with cold (= slightly blue because of the cold). 


2. If you say or shout something until you are blue in the face, you are wasting your efforts because you will get no results: You can tell her to tidy her room until you are blue in the face, but she won't do it. 

3. If something happens out of the blue, it is completely unexpected: One day, out of the blue, she announced that she was leaving. 

4. very rarely: 
My sister lives in Alaska, so I only see her once in a blue moon. 

6. to show your annoyance about something, especially by shouting or complaining very loudly: He'll scream blue murder if he doesn't get his way. 

7. feeling or showing sadness: He's been a bit blue since he failed his exams. 

8. a type of slow, sad music, originally from the southern US, in which the singer typically sings about their difficult life or bad luck in love: Billie Holiday was famous for singing the blues. 


10. have the blues: to feel sad 

11. blue-collar: describes people who do physical or unskilled work in a factory rather than office work 



→ So the meaning of MONDAY in English cuture is associated with such connotions as: 

1. reluctancy 
2. being late in guessing 
3. the cooling of tempers 
4. unwanted arrival 
5. being mundane 
6. failing 

→ And the meaning of BLUE in English cuture is associated with such connotions as: 

7. cold 
8. wasting your efforts 
9. being unexpected 
10. being rare 
11. annoyance 
12. sadness 
13. difficult life or bad luck in love 
14. physical or unskilled work 


To put all these together, we can define MONDAY BLUES as: 
The low-spirited, cool, annoyed, sad, unlucky mood of those workers, students, or employees who feel that a mundane, difficult, unexpected Weekday is arriving to force them into going back to work, killing their joys and annoying them. 

All this was a discriptive approach. 
Prescriptively, however, I think we’d better look at Monday as a day to start: 

1. feeling energetically, 
2. working with high spirits, 
3. helping others, 
4. planning a successful day, 
5. designing a fruitful week, 
6. ... 


And let‘s not forget that: 

Almost all prizes and achievements have been gained on weekdays, rather than on weekends! 

Yours BLUEly! 

A NEARBY STAR!

Onam is an ancient festival which still survives in modern times. Kerala's rice harvest festival and the Festival of Rain Flowers, which fall on the month of Chingam, celebrates the Asura King Mahabali's annual visit from Patala (the underworld). Onam is unique since Mahabali has been revered by the people of Kerala since prehistory.The King is so much attached to his kingdom that it is believed that he comes annually from the nether world to see his people living happily. It is in honour of King Mahabali that Onam is celebrated. The deity Vamana, also called Onatthappan,^[3] is also revered during this time by installing a clay figure next to the floral carpet (Pookalam) .The birthday of Sri Padmanabhan, the presiding Deity of Thiruvananthapuram, is on the Thiruvonam day in the month of Chingam. Thiruonam day is the most important day of Onam. In Onam 2014Thiruvonam date is September 7.

Mahabali's rule is considered the golden era of Kerala. The following song is often sung over Onam:

“	Maveli nadu vaneedum kalam, manusharellarum onnupole amodhathode vasikkum kalam apathangarkkumottillathanum kallavum illa chathiyumilla ellolamilla polivachanam kallapparayum cherunazhiyum kallatharangal mattonnumilla adhikal vyadhikalonnumilla balamaranangal kelppanilla

Happy onam to all